How to Working Safely as a Documentary Filmmaker in High-Risk Communities.

Working Safely as a Documentary Filmmaker in High-Risk Communities: Lessons from Kampala's Informal Settlements

Venturing into informal settlements to document community life is not just about capturing stories; it’s about building trust, respecting boundaries, and ensuring the safety of both yourself and your equipment. As Joel Ongwech, a documentary film producer who has worked in high-risk communities such as Kampala's slums, I have learned through experience that working safely in these areas requires a careful mix of planning, local partnership, and relationship-building. Here’s a look at how filmmakers can work safely and meaningfully in high-risk communities, supported by real-life examples from my work in Kampala.

1. Build Relationships with Local Organizations and Iconic Figures

When entering an unfamiliar and potentially volatile environment, having allies who understand the community dynamics is invaluable. Connecting with local NGOs, community-based organizations, or even influential figures such as local artists or leaders can be a game-changer.

In Banda, one of Kampala’s densely populated informal settlements, my work on a documentary funded by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) highlighted the power of community connections. The FES project team played a crucial role by introducing me to local individuals who were willing to share their stories. This not only allowed me access but also provided a layer of credibility, as I was seen as someone trusted by well-known community allies. These local organizations and figures can bridge the gap between outsiders and community members, which helps reduce misunderstandings and potential friction.

For documentary filmmakers working in similar environments, consider reaching out to respected organizations or figures ahead of time. Establishing trust through these channels can go a long way toward ensuring your work is perceived positively and your movements are more secure.

2. Engage with Community Leaders and Obtain Their Support

In informal settings, community leaders hold significant influence. Securing their buy-in can open doors that would otherwise remain closed. Often, community leaders, like the chairpersons or councilors, are the first point of contact when engaging with the area’s residents. They can also provide invaluable security and support, particularly if you’re carrying sensitive equipment.

During my project in Banda, collaborating with the community’s women councilor was pivotal. Despite being connected to the community through the FES team, her involvement streamlined coordination significantly. She not only helped me navigate local challenges but also made the community feel that I was there for a greater purpose, one that aligned with their values and aspirations. Our discussions often centered around the potential positive impact of my documentary for the community—how it could serve as a tool for policymakers to make informed decisions about the needs and struggles of informal settlements like Banda.

This experience taught me that, beyond formal introductions, it’s essential to engage with leaders on a deeper level, understanding their vision for the community and framing your project as a means of supporting that vision. When they see the potential positive outcomes of your work, they’re more likely to advocate for you and provide the support you need.

3. Forge Genuine Connections with the Locals

Perhaps one of the most important aspects of working in high-risk areas is fostering genuine connections with the people themselves. The locals can provide insights into the unspoken rules of the community, helping you avoid misunderstandings and stay safe.

In Banda, I spent time getting to know various community members beyond the scope of my documentary. I visited their homes, listened to their stories, and learned about their daily lives and the challenges they faced. These interactions, though time-intensive, were invaluable—they transformed me from an outsider with a camera into a familiar face with a shared purpose.

In return, the community offered me their insights and even guidance, which helped me understand local customs and norms better. This trust made them feel comfortable, even eager, to share their stories on camera, knowing that my interest in their lives was genuine and not exploitative. For any filmmaker, this level of mutual respect is essential; people open up more freely and truthfully when they feel genuinely valued.

4. Stay Culturally Sensitive and Respectful

Every informal settlement has its own unique cultural tapestry. Some communities may have a higher level of resilience, while others may feel protective due to past experiences with outsiders. Understanding this dynamic is essential for staying safe and for capturing an honest portrayal of the community.

In Banda, where people are known for their no-nonsense approach, it was essential to remain observant, patient, and respectful. I took the time to learn about the community’s values and social norms, which allowed me to adjust my approach and communication style accordingly. For instance, in some situations, rather than filming immediately, I would observe and participate in daily activities, letting the people’s comfort dictate the right time to bring out my equipment.

The lesson here is that cultural sensitivity not only protects you as an outsider but also fosters an environment where people feel safe enough to share their lives on camera. By taking the time to understand their ways of life, you not only enhance the authenticity of your work but also safeguard yourself against misunderstandings that could escalate tensions.

5. Be Transparent About Your Intentions

In high-risk communities, mistrust of outsiders can be high, especially if previous engagements with the outside world haven’t always benefited the local residents. That’s why transparency is crucial. Be clear with community leaders and individuals about the purpose of your documentary, how you intend to use the footage, and how it might benefit the community.

While working on the Banda project, I explained the purpose of my work to everyone involved, especially the community councilor. I emphasized how the documentary could potentially impact future policymaking and create a platform for their voices to reach wider audiences. Knowing that my intentions aligned with their goals of community development made residents more comfortable and willing to participate.

For filmmakers, it’s essential to be upfront about your motives. If people know you’re there to create awareness or advocate for their needs, they’re more likely to view you as an ally and support your project.

6. Keep Safety Protocols in Place

Even with all precautions, safety can’t be taken for granted. Always ensure you have a backup plan, and if possible, arrange for local security assistance. Community leaders often have contacts who can watch over your equipment and help guide you safely through the area.

In high-risk areas, avoid working alone, and make sure someone knows your location and expected schedule at all times. It’s also wise to keep your equipment inconspicuous to prevent drawing unnecessary attention.

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I am a documentary filmmaker with specific interests in human experiences and social realities, captured through the lens of my camera.

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